daily meta

2009-10-08
From Wikipedia

The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition postulates that when individuals acquire a skill through external instruction, they normally pass through five stages. This model, first proposed by Stuart Dreyfus and Hubert Dreyfus in 1980[1] proposes that the five stages of skill acquisition are: Novice, Advanced beginner, Competent, Proficient and Expert

In the novice stage a person follows rules that are context free and feel no responsibility for anything other than following the rules. Competence develops when the number of rules becomes excessive so organizing principles need to be developed and information sorted by relevance. Competence is characterized by active decision making. Proficiency is shown in individuals who use intuition in decision making and develop their own rules to formulate plans.

A helpful summary of the model is provided by Eraut (1994)[2]:

1 Novice

* rigid adherence to rules
* no discretional judgment

2 Advanced beginner

* situational perception still limited
* all aspects of work are treated separately and given equal importance

3 Competent

* coping with crowdedness (multiple activity, information)
* now partially sees action as part of longer term goals
* conscious , deliberate planning

4 Proficient

* holistic view of situation, rather than in terms of aspects
* sees what is most important in a situation
* uses maxims for guidance, meaning of maxims may vary according to situation

5 Expert

* no longer reliant on rules, guidelines, maxims
* intuitive grasp of situation, based on tacit knowledge
* vision of what is possible

Published in A List Apart, 2009-10-06 Highlights:

Every time a person has a great experience with a website, a web app, a gadget, or a service, it’s because a design team made excellent decisions about both design and implementation—decisions based on data about how people use designs. And how can you get that data? Usability testing.
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Focusing on the behavior you’re interested in observing is easier than trying to select for market segmentation or demographics… don’t make recruiting harder than it has to be.
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At the end of each session, be sure to take a step back with the participant and ask, “How’d that go?”
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[T]he most effective input for informed design decisions is data about the behavior and performance of people using a design to reach their own goals.

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